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Four Levels of Testing
- Operation/Method Testing : Performed for classes, blocks and service packages done by the developer only, due to cost factor.
This is similar to unit testing in traditional testing methods.
In object oriented testing there are two ways of selecting units :
Methods as Units : Methods in a class are similar to procedures and functions.
But issue is when we take methods as units, then we must provide classes that can be instantiated and main program that acts as a driver.
Classes as Units : Intra-class problems are solved but new problems arises from static, compile-time, execution-time view. - Class Testing : Intra & Inter class testing is done, test interaction between previously tested methods.
- Integration Testing : Interaction between previously tested classes
Execution Based Integration Testing :Reveals erroneous interaction of units by tracing their execution.
Value Based Integration Testing : Boundary value testing and equivalence class partitioning done by employing action values.
Function Based Integration Testing : Validate functionality of components. - System Testing : Exercising the whole system is done in this testing. Testing conducted on the complete integrated products & solutions to evaluate system compliance on functional and non-functional requirements is called system testing.
Components of Testing
Testing a system requires tools which makes the process of software testing possible. The following are the components required for testing:
- Test Case: Each test case is associated with a behaviour of the program to be tested and these test cases have their own separate identity. Test cases has a set of input and expected output results which should be matched from the output obtained after testing a software. Deviation from these results indicates errors in the program which should be minimized until they become insignificant which can be done by changing weights of the variables taken or by rectifying the functions used in the software.
There are two types of input:
a) Precondition b) Actual Inputs
And, expected outputs are also of two types:
a) Precondition b) Actual Outputs - Test Suite: Used to verify that a software has met its functional requirements and for that it has a collection of test cases which are used to exercise the system or software. Test suite is an automated means of exercising the system though a set of defined test cases.
- Test Ware: Contains all the documentation like test environment specifications, test data & test cases required during the testing process.
- Test Oracle: Used to predict the outcome of results. The expected results are to be compared with the actual results obtained during the testing process. It could be a software requirement specifications document, user manual or an individual's knowledge & personal experience. Developing a test oracle is one of the most difficult task to do and it can be done by using C++ or any other object oriented language.
- Test Report: Document produced when the test is conducted and the results are obtained.
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